Keflex, whose generic name is cephalexin, is an antibiotic widely used to treat various bacterial infections. It belongs to the class of drugs known as cephalosporins, which are structurally and functionally similar to penicillins. This article provides an in-depth overview of Keflex/cephalexin, including its uses, mechanisms of action, dosage guidelines, potential side effects, interactions, and precautions.

What Is Keflex / Cephalexin?

Keflex is the brand name for cephalexin, an oral antibiotic primarily prescribed to combat bacterial infections. It works by disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to the destruction of bacteria. Due to its effectiveness against a broad spectrum of bacteria, it is commonly prescribed for skin infections, respiratory tract infections, bone infections, and urinary tract infections.

How Does Cephalexin Work?

Cephalexin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, an essential component of bacterial cell walls. Without proper cell wall construction, bacteria become fragile and eventually rupture due to osmotic pressure. This mechanism makes cephalexin bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria rather than merely inhibiting their growth.

Indications for Use

Keflex is effective against various bacterial infections, including:

• Skin and soft tissue infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, and abscesses
• Respiratory tract infections including pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and sinusitis
• Bone infections like osteomyelitis
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Ear infections such as otitis media
• Prophylaxis before surgeries in certain cases

Dosage and Administration

Standard Dosing Guidelines

The appropriate dose of Keflex varies based on the type and severity of infection, patient’s age, weight, kidney function, and other health considerations. The following are typical dosing regimens:

1. Adults: Usually, 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hours (four times daily). For more severe infections, doses may be increased under medical supervision.
2. Children: Dose is typically based on weight, often around 25–50 mg/kg/day divided into four doses.
3. Duration of treatment: Usually ranges from 7 to 14 days, but your healthcare provider will specify the exact length.

Administration Tips

• Take Keflex with a full glass of water.
• It can be taken with or without food; however, taking it with food may help minimize stomach upset.
• Complete the entire course of therapy, even if symptoms improve early, to prevent antibiotic resistance.
• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s close to the time for your next dose. Do not double dose.

Potential Side Effects

Common Side Effects

Most people tolerate Keflex well; however, some may experience side effects such as:

• Gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain
• Rash or itching
• Headache
• Dizziness

Serious Side Effects

Though rare, serious adverse reactions can occur and require immediate medical attention:

• An allergic reaction: Symptoms include swelling of the face/neck, difficulty breathing, rash, or hives.
• Severe gastrointestinal issues: Persistent diarrhea, especially with blood or mucus, may indicate Clostridium difficile infection.
• Blood disorders: Unusual bleeding, easy bruising, or persistent sore throat.
• Liver or kidney problems: Jaundice, dark urine, or decreased urine output.

Precautions and Warnings

Keflex should be used cautiously in specific populations and situations:

• Allergy: Inform your healthcare provider if you are allergic to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other antibiotics.
• Kidney impairment: Dose adjustment may be necessary in patients with reduced renal function.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Generally considered safe; however, consult a healthcare provider before use.
• Prolonged use: May lead to superinfection or antibiotic resistance. Use only as directed.
• Interactions with other medications: Cephalexin may interact with other drugs, including probenecid and aminoglycosides.

Drug Interactions

Some medications may alter the effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects when taken with Keflex. Notable interactions include:

• Probenecid: Can prolong the half-life of cephalexin, increasing the risk of toxicity.
• Aminoglycosides: May enhance nephrotoxicity when combined.
• Oral contraceptives: Antibiotics like cephalexin may slightly reduce contraceptive effectiveness, so additional precautions might be advised.
• Other antibiotics: Combining with bacteriostatic agents may reduce efficacy.

Resistance and Antibiotic Stewardship

Rising antibiotic resistance is a concern globally. To combat this issue, it is crucial to:

• Use Keflex only when prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Complete the full course of treatment.
• Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics for viral infections such as colds or influenza.

Storage and Handling

Proper storage ensures medication efficacy:

• Keep Keflex at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight.
• Store out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not use expired medication. Dispose of unused medication appropriately.

Summary

Keflex (cephalexin) remains a valuable antibiotic for treating a variety of bacterial infections. Its safety and efficacy depend on appropriate prescribing, adherence to dosage instructions, and awareness of potential side effects and interactions. Patients should always follow their healthcare provider’s guidance and report any adverse reactions promptly.

Final Considerations

If you have been prescribed Keflex, it is essential to understand its proper use and limitations. While effective, misuse or overuse can contribute to antibiotic resistance and reduce the drug’s effectiveness for future infections. Always discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Remember, antibiotics like Keflex are powerful tools against bacterial infections, but they must be used responsibly to preserve their benefits for keflex/cephalexin everyone.